Fresenius Nurse Practice Test

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• Which statement correctly describes the relation of blood and dialysate compartments in a dialyzer during operation?
• Which sign indicates the dialyzer may be clotting?
• What is the maximum time allowed for recirculation of blood-tinged saline during interruption?
• Which statement about phosphate binders and bone-mineral disease in dialysis patients is correct?
• What is the purpose of conductivity and pH testing performed with the Phoenix meter during preparation?
• What does the dialysate delivery system do?
• What is the purpose of checking dialysate temperature?
• When should phosphate binders be taken relative to meals?
• What is the purpose of Hanson connectors in the dialysis setup?
• What is the standard infection control practice in dialysis units?
• How does dialysate flow rate impact dialysis dose?
• A semipermeable membrane is made from _______, with small ____ or _______. These are too large to pass through a semipermeable membrane.
• True or False? Tx sheets and medical records can enter the isolation room.
• Which two patient types should not be cared for on the same shift?
• Arterial pressure should never be more negative than which value?
• What condition would contraindicate systemic heparin use during dialysis?
• What hazard does air in the dialysis circuit pose, and how is it prevented?
• How does dialysis affect protein needs?
• Latent TB can become active TB if not treated.
• If blood recirculation lasts longer than 15 minutes, what is the likely consequence?
• After heparin is given, how long must you wait before initiating the treatment?
• Turn the BFR to and the DFR to which values?
• What represents euvolemia's relation to dry weight usage?
• What is a key infection prevention principle for central venous catheters?
• Where should Hepatitis C patients be dialyzed and why?
• What is the normal dialysate temperature range?
• Which statement about machine temperature checks is accurate?
• There are 3 tx modalities for the treatment of ESRD. Which trio is correct?
• Which sign is commonly associated with fluid overload?
• How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
• Fresh fill consists of how much saline through arterial line and how much through venous line?
• Which factors are used in the selection of a dialyzer for a patient?
• What position should the dialyzer be in during HD (Arterial)?
• If dialysis water tests indicate contamination, what is the appropriate action?
• How many compartments does a dialyzer have, and what are they separated by?
• Transmembrane pressure reflects which across the dialyzer membrane used to achieve the desired fluid loss?
• What is a critical safety practice when handling needles and sharps in dialysis?
• Which of the following is a sign of fluid overload?
• Which item is NOT listed among the most important electrolytes to consider?
• Which dialysate line color corresponds to the arterial access?
• Why is accurate dry weight measurement essential?
• Which statement best describes how the ultrafiltration rate is chosen?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor considered when selecting a dialyzer?
• Why is dextrose added to the dialysate?
• During intradialytic hypotension, which IV fluid is commonly used as part of the intervention?
• During a dialysis treatment interruption, how long may the patient's blood recirculate before it cannot be returned?
• Which monitors the safe progression of the dialysis treatment and how are alarms categorized?
• Calcitriol, used in treating bone disease in hemodialysis patients, is what kind of medication?
• Which hormone produced by the kidney helps regulate blood pressure?
• After successful completion of machine testing, which components must be connected and unclamped?
• In hemodialysis, which processes remove waste products and fluids?
• True or False? Conductivity and pH of dialysate should be checked before the Hanson connectors are attached to the dialyzer.
• What is the purpose of priming the lines when setting up a hemodialysis circuit?
• According to the American Diabetes Association, the fasting glucose range should be within which of the following?
• Which signal is a sign of dialyzer clotting?
• Tums, Amphojel, Alucaps, Renagel, Renvela, and Phoslo are examples of what?
• Dialysis solutions use which buffer to help treat metabolic acidosis?
• In peritoneal dialysis, what is the function of the dialysate dwell time?
• What is the term for the harmful buildup of waste products in the bloodstream due to kidney failure?
• The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and produce which buffer to maintain acid-base balance?
• Which statement best describes electrolytes?
• If prolonged bleeding occurs from a single cannulation site, what is the most likely cause?
• Why is residual chlorine checked in dialysate?
• During a dialysis treatment interruption, how long may blood-tinged saline be recirculated?
• What is the synthetic form of Vitamin D?
• Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential when handling dialysate and blood?
• Which items constitute the three basic PPEs used?
• What is the primary function of the nephron?
• What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome and when does it occur?
• In anemia management for dialysis patients, what is the typical approach?
• What is renal osteodystrophy and its management in dialysis patients?
• Why is phosphate restriction and phosphate binders important in dialysis patients?
• Which of the following is a sign or symptom of low blood sugar?
• Which statement best describes the role of phosphate control in dialysis patients?
• Why should medication administration be carefully considered in patients with renal impairment?
• Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow for which purpose?
• Which statement about phosphate binders is true?
• How can you tell a dialyzer is clotting?
• A ______ bleach solution is used to disinfect a large spill greater than ______.
• How are Hep B patients dialyzed?
• Which of the following is a brand of Hep B vaccine?
• Which option is NOT a dehydration symptom?
• Which medications' timing should be considered with dialysis because they may be removed during treatment?
• Which laboratory tests are used to monitor iron status in dialysis patients?
• Which set of foot-care instructions should an RN teach a patient?
• Is latent TB contagious?
• Why is accurate documentation of dialysis treatment important?
• How does dialysate potassium concentration affect potassium during dialysis?
• What is the correct order of urinary system structures from urine formation to elimination?
• What action is appropriate when conductivity and temperature readings are stable before starting treatment?
• How does a phosphate binder work?
• The HD machine has two delivery systems. What are they and what do they do?
• Which condition is a common example of a cause of renal failure besides diabetes and hypertension?
• What is a common cause of leg cramps during dialysis and a typical intervention?
• During priming with saline, run the pump at how many mL/min?
• Which of the following describes Pre-pump arterial pressure?
• How does potassium management influence dialysate potassium concentration?
• How is TB spread?
• The kidney activates which vitamin to enable calcium absorption?
• What is the purpose of checking the dialysate?
• Which of the following describes the signs and symptoms associated with Tuberculosis?
• Where should TB patients dialyze?
• There is evidence that certain medications such as lisinopril, a _______ can slow the progression of kidney disease.
• When is a dialyzer sensitivity reaction usually seen?
• Adequate ______ are essential for Epogen to be effective.
• Which statement describes a specific dialysate check performed after routine disinfection?
• What is a key reason to enforce fluid restriction in ESRD patients on dialysis?
• What is the desired hemoglobin level for HD patients according to the FMS policy?
• What is a patient-rights consideration in dialysis care related to consent?
• Why do dialysis patients need higher dietary protein intake?
• What is the approved AAMI pH range for dialysate?
• What is a typical indication for heparin use during hemodialysis?
• In peritoneal dialysis, which finding most strongly suggests catheter-related infection?
• Which action best supports infection control in the dialysis unit?
• Which mechanism best describes how TB spreads?
• What term describes the use of more than one type of pressure to remove fluid from the blood during dialysis?
• Which condition would prompt reducing heparin dose and possibly shortening dialysis time?
• Which substance among the following is listed as an electrolyte important to consider?
• What is a common action if a patient develops fever during dialysis?
• Osmosis is best defined as the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• How is the ultrafiltration rate determined for a dialysis session?
• A decreasing KECN can indicate that the dialyzer is losing surface area due to which process?
• Dialysate is composed of these three components.
• Before returning to the clinic, TB patients must have which of the following?
• During dialysis, what should be monitored to help prevent intradialytic hypotension?
• Rapid weight gain between sessions indicates what, and how should it affect treatment?
• Which term describes the movement of solutes through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached?
• What is a common immediate nursing intervention for intradialytic hypotension?
• Which statement accurately reflects the standard asymmetrical alarm widths for arterial and venous lines?
• Hemoglobin levels are reported in which units?
• According to the American Diabetes Association, the glucose level 2 hours after eating should be less than which value?
• Why is calcium balance important in dialysis patients?
• According to policy, hands should be washed with soap and water for _____ seconds and sanitized with alcohol for ___ seconds.
• Which of the following shows the correct asymmetrical alarm widths for arterial and venous lines?
• Why is water quality important in dialysis?
• What percentage range of body weight is water in an adult?
• Are transfusions common in dialysis patients, and what is the typical approach?
• Which laboratory value is most commonly used as an indicator of kidney function and is typically elevated in renal failure?
• All dialysis surfaces must be disinfected with which solution and process?
• Which of the following is a possible cause of increased venous pressure during dialysis?
• What is the purpose of phosphate binders in dialysis patients?
• What is the GFR threshold for stage 5 kidney disease?
• Which regulation governs patient privacy in the dialysis setting?
• What steps should you take in the event of an exposure incident?
• After arterial and venous lines are connected and conductivity and pH testing are completed, which step can take place?
• What does Kt/V measure in dialysis adequacy?
• When should conductivity and pH be checked?
• Which activities would require PPE due to exposure risk?
• Which measurement assesses the pressure and quality of blood flow from the access to the blood pump?
• What is the synthetic form of erythropoietin called?
• Which statement correctly lists the maximum time allowed for recirculating blood during interruption?
• Bicarbonate is added to the dialysate to help maintain the patient's what?
• If a patient has prolonged bleeding from both cannulation sites and is facing upcoming surgery, what adjustment is commonly made to heparin therapy?
• What is the network (tuft) of capillaries that performs the 1st step of filtering blood?
• When a dialysis machine alarms for a blood leak or pressure issue, what should the nurse do?
• What is the commonly used heparin concentration in hemodialysis?
• Which vaccines are commonly recommended for dialysis patients?
• What does Pre-pump arterial pressure measure?
• Which statement best describes essential patient education topics before starting dialysis?
• In dialysis care, euvolemia means the patient has what condition?
• What are the three main causes of renal failure as commonly listed?
• What is the term for a state of too much acid in the blood?
• In peritoneal dialysis, excess fluid and waste products are removed by which mechanisms?
• Which result indicates immunity against Hep B?
• What position should the dialyzer be in during venous circulation?
• Which blood test indicates infection with Hep B?
• Where should blood pressure be measured in a dialysis patient?
• Which marker indicates active hepatitis B infection?
• What is a sign of a blood leak in the dialysis circuit?
• Which mineral abnormality is most associated with renal osteodystrophy?
• What action is recommended if fever develops during dialysis?
• In peritoneal dialysis, the diffusion and osmosis that move substances between blood and dialysate occur across which membrane?
• Which of the following measures are used to manage bone-mineral disorders in dialysis patients?
• Why is iron status monitored in dialysis patients?
• How should antihypertensive medications be managed on dialysis days?
• Which blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B?
• Which phenomenon allows for higher solute clearance by opposite directions?
• What does the term 'dry weight' mean in hemodialysis treatment?
• In hemodialysis, diffusion moves solutes from
• Which vaccines provides long-term immunity to Hep B?
• Venofer, Ferrlicit, Infed are examples of what?
• Why is Hepatitis B vaccination recommended in dialysis units?
• Hep B is extremely contagious and can live in the environment and remain viable on surfaces for at least ____ days.
• During hemodialysis, diffusion ceases to occur when
• If dialysate potassium concentration is set higher, what happens to potassium removal during dialysis?
• Dialysate must have a pH close to the patient's normal blood pH so it does not change the blood's pH.
• The following are examples of what process: during initiation and termination of dialysis; cannulation of an access; needle adjustment; changing a transducer; setting up a dialysis machine.
• Which trio describes kidney hormonal functions?
• What is the role of bicarbonate in dialysate?
• What is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) threshold for stage 1 kidney disease?
• Which action is typically taken to prevent intradialytic hypotension when adjusting medications?
• Under HIPAA, patient privacy is protected by restricting access to medical records to authorized personnel.
• What 3 things should be checked on a dialyzer bf machine setup?
• Kt/V represents the dialysis dose as K times t divided by V. If you rephrase the options, place the correct at index 2.
• During saline circulation, which action is performed on the venous end of the dialyzer?
• Which statement best describes the role of blood flow rate in dialysis?
• Which statement correctly completes the kidney function sentence?
• How often should fistulas be assessed for patency (thrill/bruit)?
• Which of the following sets are symptoms of a dialyzer membrane allergy?
• These should be used to work on computer information in the isolation room.
• In ESRD, what is a common anemia treatment and its effect?
• Which symptom most strongly suggests infection at a dialysis access site?
• Which option correctly lists the asymmetrical alarm widths with the arterial width paired with venous width as 120 and 100 respectively?
• How long can a dialyzer recirculate with saline before it is unsafe to use?
• Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen in renal failure?
• Where would you draw the blood from to check a patient’s blood sugar level after dialysis has started?
• What is a key component of patient education before starting dialysis?
• Why is blood flow rate important in hemodialysis?
• What finding indicates a patent arteriovenous fistula?
• Which dialyzer type is recommended for dialyzer sensitivity?
• Which condition would indicate withholding systemic heparin during dialysis?
• Name a common symptom reported by patients with ESRD.
• What is the normal pH range of blood?
• After air is removed during circulation, what should be done to the DFR?
• Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason dialysis is a high-risk area for infection control?
• Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?
• Why is patient transportation important in dialysis care?
• Kidney failure can cause which acid-base disturbance?
• Which medications should be evaluated for timing with dialysis because they may be removed during treatment?
• This is the functional unit in the kidney, it filters blood to form urine.
• Which of the following is NOT part of dialysate composition?
• True or False? The sample for conductivity testing is obtained from the arterial/red dialysate line.
• Hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients is associated with which complications?
• What is homeostasis and how do the kidneys contribute to maintaining it?
• In hemodialysis, how do blood and dialysate flow relate in the dialyzer?
• What 3 blood borne pathogens are found in a dialysis unit?
• Which anticoagulant is commonly used in hemodialysis?
• How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
• Which option is NOT a bloodborne pathogen listed for dialysis units?
• How much saline should be infused through the E-beam dialyzer and the extracorporeal circuit?
• Which statement about dialysis infection control is correct?
• What is the correct initial action after exposure to a potentially contaminated material?
• Hand cranks should be completed at what rate and for how long maximum?
• When is the machine temperature checked?
• During saline circulation, which action is performed on the arterial line?
• What is the normal dialysate conductivity range?